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Online MBA Program

This case focuses on an online MBA program at a large American university which had a culturally diverse group of students logging in from around the world. The students were asked to reflect on their experience as it related to cultural inclusiveness and the following recommendations were implemented or planned for in future course iterations:

 

Assessment: incorporation of multiple assessment techniques in reponse to the cultural needs of the group. For example, the Russian students were more familiar with exam-oriented assessment, while North American students preferred process-oriented and the Chinese students were comfortable with approaches that utilized memorization.

 

Instruction: instructors needed to factor in that the Russian & Chinese students were used to a one-way, lecture-style of teaching and not attuned to the higher interaction between peers, or constructivist approaches. Recommendation is that instructors be mindful of the different pedagogies within regions.

Synchronous/Asynchronous Elements:

In cross-cultural learning environments, different cultural learning styles was heightened through the lack of visual cues, language barriers and consideration of time zone differences within the synchronous sessions.  A balanced use of synchronous and asynchronous communication was preferred by the students.​

 

Collaboration:

For these students, their cultural differences were a positive influence as they acknowledged them to one another and this helped their team interaction. Instructors are encouraged to ensure groups/teams are diverse.

 

Academic Content:

Students recommended that any cases used in online curriculum be cross-cultural in nature and not focus solely on North American examples. Also, instructors need to recognize that educational practices differ culturally and the way something is referenced and cited (or not) can be influenced by that. Also the Chinese students recommended that any course readings that can be given ahead of time should, in order to give them longer time to read them as they struggled with the English versions.

Case Studies

This study looked at the Indigenous Australians’ use and participation in an online university preparation course, which was made free to participants entering various university programming. The way in which this course was presented was modified for this cultural group as their use of technology was limited. The following culturally-responsive design principles were recognized.

 

The course instructors used constructivist principles so students could recognize their own unique experiences as it related to the course material. They also used authentic learning experiences. This student group responded more positively to learning activities which involved community interests and needs, rather than purely cognitive ones.

 

With this cultural group, the course needed to incorporate flexibility in tasks as well as knowledge-sharing. Students in this class were encouraged to be very self-directed and selected their mode of assessment based on their learning style and experience.

 

The instructor and course planners ensured there was lots of support for the student (online tutors, community resources, welcoming discussion forums).  The students’ needs were incorporated into the design process. The Aboriginal students held a shared sense of place which was critical to their sense of belonging. This online course included a way for students to develop their own learning plan, which they did through online journals, shared workspaces and exploration of the web to identify resources. They also had lots of opportunity for social interaction – course-related or otherwise,  and this was provided through the establishment of a “yarning place” bulletin board.

 

As this was the first online course for most, there was lots of technical and student support during the early days of the course. The resources contained within the course were provided by the instructor, but the students also had the ability to add to this collection, and many of these included Indigenous perspectives.

Online University Prep Course

Instructional Design for Cultural Difference: A Case Study of the Indigenous Online Learning in a Tertiary Context

References

Liu, X., Liu, S., Lee, S.-h., & Magjuka, R. J. (2010). Cultural Differences in Online Learning: International Student Perceptions. Educational Technology & Society, 13 (3), 177–188.

McLoughlin, C. and Oliver, R. (2000). Designing learning environments for cultural inclusivity: A case study of indigenous online learning at tertiary level. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 16(1), 58-72. http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet16/mcloughlin.html

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